Published by the Indo-European Language Association <http://dnghu.org/>A GRAMMAR OF
MODERN
INDO-EUROPEAN
Third Edition
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Part I. |
Language and Culture |
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Part II. |
Phonology & Morphology |
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Part III. |
Syntax |
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Part IV. |
Texts & Dictionary Etymology |
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Carlos Quiles |
Fernando López-Menchero |
Version 5.00 (April 2011)
© 2011 by Carlos Quiles
© 2011 by Fernando López-Menchero
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION
Avda. Sta. María de la Cabeza, 3, E-LL, Badajoz 06001, Spain.
Badajoz – Leg. Dep. BA-145-0 (2006) | Sevilla – Leg. Dep. SE -4405-2007 U.E.
ISBN-13: 978-1461022138 | ISBN-10: 1461022134
Information, translations and revisions of this title: <http://indo-european.info/>
Printed in the European Union
Published by the Indo-European Language Association <http://dnghu.org/>
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Images taken or modified from Wikimedia projects are referenced with description and author-date, with usernames (or real names, if available), and links to the websites of origin in the Bibliography section, at the end of this book, unless they are in the public domain (PD).
This free (e)book is intended for nonprofit and educational purposes, its authors do not attribute themselves the authorship of the excerpts referenced, it is not intended for specialised readers in IE linguistics (so the potential market of the copyrighted works remains intact), and the amount and substantiality of the portions used in relation to the copyrighted works as a whole are neglectible. Therefore, the use of excerpts should fall within the fair use policy of international copyright laws. Since revisions of this free (e)book are published immediately, no material contained herein remains against the will and rights of authors or publishers.
The cover image has been modified from a photo of the Solvognen (The Sun Carriage) from the Bronze Age, at display at the National Museum (Nationalmuseet) in Denmark (Malene Thyssen 2004).For the epithet ‘wheel of the sun’, see §10.8.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
1.1. The Indo-European Language Family
1.3. The Theory of the Three Stages
1.4. The Proto-Indo-European Urheimat
1.5. Other Archaeolinguistic Theories
1.6. Relationship to Other Languages
Schleicher’s Fable: From PIE to Modern English
1.7.1. Northern Indo-European dialects
1.7.2. Southern Indo-European Dialects
4.2.1. First Declension Paradigm
4.2.2. First Declension in Examples
4.2.3. The Plural in the First Declension
4.3.1. Second Declension Paradigm
4.3.2. Second Declension in Examples
4.5.3. The Plural in the Second Declension
4.4.1. Third Declension Paradigm
4.4.4. The Plural in the Third and Fourth Declension
4.5.1. Fourth Declension Paradigm
4.5.4. The Plural in the Fourth Declension
Excursus: Nominal Accent-Ablaut Patterns
4.8. Number Developments: The Dual
5.5.1. Classification of Numerals
5.5.3. Declension of Cardinals and Ordinals
6.7. Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns
7.1.1. Voice, Mood, Tense, Person, Number
7.1.5. Tenses of the Finite Verb
7.4.1. Tense-Stems and Verb Derivation
9.2.10. Case Forms: Adverbial Elements
10.2.2. Sentence Delimiting Particles
10.3.2. Interrogative Sentences
10.4.1. Adjective and Genitive Constructions
10.4.3. Determiners in Nominal Phrases
10.5. Modified forms of PIE Simple Sentences
10.6.1. Particles as Syntactic Means of Expression
10.6.2. Marked Order in Sentences
10.6.3. Topicalisation with Reference to Emphasis
10.6.4. Wackernagel’s Law and the placement of clitics
10.7. Phrase and Sentence Prosody
Appendix I: Indo-European in Use
I.1. Komtloqjom (Conversation)
I.2. Horatjosjo kanmṇ (Horatii Carminvm)
I.3. The New Testament in Indo-European
I.3.1. PaterNos (Lord’s Prayer)
I.3.2. Slwēje Marijā (Hail Mary)
I.3.2. Kréddhēmi (Nicene Creed)
I.3.3. Noudós Sūnús (Parable of the Prodigal Son)
I.3.4. Newos Bheidhos (New Testament) – Jōhanēs, 1, 1-14
I.4. The Rigveda in Indo-European
Appendix II: Late Indo-European Lexicon
II.1. English – Late Indo-European
II.2. Late Indo-European – English
II.3. Etymology From Descendant Languages
Appendix III: In-Depth Analysis
III.2. Indefinite, Demonstrative, and Personal Pronouns
III.2.2. Demonstrative Pronouns
III.3. Word Formation: Common PIE Lengthenings and Suffixes
Bibliography and Further Reading