• Revision of minor errors from the verbal system
• Addition of Fernando’s theory regarding the use of *jo vs. *qo, due to inconsistencies with the future grammar
• Revision of accents in certain words; we kept controversial ones like the (more Greek) *sté-stoh2 vs. (more Indo-Iranian) *ste-stóh2-, thus opposing our reconstruction to that of Rix. We hope to offer a complementary work that way.
• Addition of new theories and articles appeared in 2011, 2012
• Correction of Fernando’s Indo-European Translations
• Addition of the updated Proto-Indo-European Lexicon (version 6)
• Exclusion of the Etymology section, to reduce the size of the printed book
• Lots of other minor mistakes or corrections and improvements
• We have changed all the margins for a 7” x 10” size

We have also published a new Prometheus Version of the grammar, with extra content related to the Prometheus ‘Engineer’ language, a recreated Late Indo-European dialect.

• Revision of the general orientation of the grammar : from the partially artificial language that was presented in the First Edition, this grammar departs from a standard Proto-Indo-European reconstruction, and adds certain necessary selections. Unnecessary additions have been wiped out.
• Full revision of the Verbal system
• Full revision of the Lexicon
• Thorough revision of the Phonology, Syntax, and Conjunctions chapters, and of the Numerals
• Revision of all other sections, including important changes to the Writing System and the Introduction

• Version 4.0 (1 Sep 2009) – Full revision of A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, pre-version 4.
• Version 4.1 (1 Oct 2009) – Revision of Appendix I (English-Indo-European and English-Indo-European dictionaries) and III (Etymological lexicon).
• Version 4.15 (16 Oct 2009):
  • Revision of Appendix I (English-Indo-European dictionary) – it wasn’t alphabetically ordered from English, but from PIE words.
  • Correction of forms with dashes: sindhueuropajom for *sindhu-europajom and prmosindhueuropajom for *prmo-sindhueuropajom.
  • Changes in Chapter 1 – Introduction, Section Modern Indo-European.
  • Corrections in Chapter 3 – Words and their Forms (gummi, sestum).
  • Correction of the Indo-European lexicon: seaside for *seeside, apo for apò.
  • Revision of Appendix III – Etymological lexicon, Indo-Iranian column: characters did not appear correctly in the Print version.

• Version 3.40 – Translation of proper names without a known Indo-European etymology into a purer Indo-European form; hence the terms France, French (also Frank), not left as MIE loan words Frankiā and Frankiskós, but transcribed from Germanic (Gmc. -f- < IE *-p-, Gmc. -k- < IE *-g-) as Prangiā, Prangiskós; likewise, Carlos as Górilos and not Karlos, Czechia as Keghiā and not Tschexiā, etc. Also, etymological notes on Aryan, PIE ari(j)os, as well as Greek theos, ekklesia, or geo, and some verbal forms have been corrected.
• Version 3.41 -Transcription of output vowels from laryngeals in Greek loan words with a common PIE origin, like aner and onomn, now showing Europe’s Indo-European (i.e. non-laryngeal) version, as ner and nomn, and their derivatives.
• Version 3.42 – Armenian section of the Introduction chapter revised. The wrong information on the Graeco-Armenian question – today mostly seen as a classical and historical, more than linguistic, link -, has been corrected according to the latest articles on the subject.
• Version 3.43 – Introduction to the Proto-Indo-European language evolution timeline revised, and some more clarifying notes added: on the terms “Late Proto-Indo-European”, “Northern Indo-European” and “Northwestern or Europe’s Indo-European”. Also, about the criticism to the “language revival” concept used for proto-languages like PIE, some information was added on modern trends to call Modern Hebrew “Israeli” instead, due to differences with its supposed original language, Ancient Hebrew. On the concepts of European and Indo-European, when speakng in Indo-European.
• Version 3.44 – Revision of Greek loan word “Proto-”, “first”, transliterated as PIE “pro-w(a)-to-”, now Modern Indo-European (i.e. Europe’s Indo-European) “pr-mo-”, also from PIE stem “per-”, as it was this the common European term used in that sense, and even the basis for the dialectal (later modified) Greek term. Section on etymology notes revised accordingly.
• Version 3.45 – After rev. 3.43, a new page was necessarily created in the Introductory section, and there was thus some extra space, now filled up with translations of the Scheicher’s Fable into other reconstructed Indo-European proto-languages. Some titles of that section were revised, according to rev. 3.44.

- In page 42, Schleicher’s Fable in Proto-Indo-European, in IE II, IE III (equivalent to the Modern Indo-European version) and other proto-languages: all versions have been corrected, but specially the Proto-Italic one, following some critics about the phonetic shift from IE -o- to Italic -ö- or -u-. You can read the whole Schleicher’s Fable in Indo-European and its dialects.

Version 3.36:

- In pages 142-145, the Indo-European numerals section has been slightly improved.

- In page 318-320, Modern Indo-European terms for day (Eur. dínom, as Sanskrit and Latin, and not deinom) and daylight (Eur. dhochos, as Germanic and Baltic, and not d-aghos, as in Indo-Iranian) have been corrected or improved.

These are the latest changes made in version 3.34:

- Latin’s Penultimate rule (page 19) is formulated incompletely: the tone falls on the penultimate syllable if this is long, and on the antepenultimate if it is not. That’s why it’s said Lat. módicus, but Lat. pudícus.

- In page 172 Indo-European rodo means “gnaw”, not exactly “excite”.

- In page 173, Indo-European verbs of the type linéqmi (linqō), bhenegmi (bhegō), amneghti (amghō) – appearing only in Indo-Iranian and Hittite - would be more logically included in the B-4 group, in an additional subclass III.

Before we printed the whole PDF files again we decided to correct some known mistakes, namely:

- The Personal Pronouns section (version 3.32) – we’ve added the tonic variants.

- The old proto-language translations of the Schleicher’s Fable in Proto-Indo-European, which were corrected long ago, and have been already published in the web for a month or so.

So, you can now buy those newer printed editions of A Grammar of Modern Indo-European.

The Indo-European Language Association.

Let’s see what’s new about the Proto-Indo-European language reconstruction and revival:

1. The book A Grammar of Modern Indo-European has begun the new (online-only) versions, after its printed edition. Version 3.31 adds some new information about the personal pronouns, which might be completed in the next weeks.
2. The Schleicher’s Fable in Indo-European proto-languages has still no specific page within Dnghu’s website; until then, it might be downloaded from the homepage.
3. The Indo-European dictionary (Pokorny) in HTML, which is the same version as Pokorny’s Indogermanisches Wörterbuch (PDF), has been also published as a complement for newcomers, so that this old reference can be used immediatly.
4. There is an old (not released before) Indo-European noun formation paradigm, which offers the Proto-Indo-European reconstructed endings and compares the different forms attested in its proto-languages.
5. The Indo-European indefinite and demonstrative pronouns aren’t studied that much in the usual works on Proto-Indo-European reconstruction. The Indo-European Language Association, because of its interest in reviving the language, needs a good reference to use them nowadays.
6. Also, the Indo-European personal pronouns‘ original form has been a question of debate since the first reconstruction. We believe that the current state of the art in Indo-European linguistics offers enough information to reconstruct them fairly well.
7. The best new piece of work we can offer right now is our revised Indo-European Etymological Dictionary, which, although only a tiny 50-page table-based lexicon, has been revised again and again in search for the best reconstruction possible. Unlike Pokorny’s work (and many others out there), whose main aim is to paint a general and thorough picture of the PIE vocabulary, this here is the minimum, reconstructed with a high level of confidence, revised lexicon we can offer to begin speaking Indo-European.

We’ll add all those new works to the Indo-European Dictionary-Translator Engine – and maybe then, who knows, to the WordPress translator plugin…

The Indo-European Language Association.

a. Non-relevant notes are now footnotes, to facilitate the reading of the main sections.

b. Footnotes are left for the end of the section.

c. More internal hyperlinks are added, to facilitate a quick vocabulary reference.

Still to improve are styles (especially the footnotes) and bookmarks.

For more on this, see Modern Indo-European Grammar v.2.x.

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• Change from original .doc document into Open Document .odt (and consequently a drastic decrease in file size
• Page numbers are also reformed, as Microsoft Word appear to crash with more than 377 pages (?)
• The PDF is made with Open Office (v.2.2) and OpenSuSe, as Windows doesn’t seem to deal well, neither with Acrobt nor with Office or Open Office PDF converters – again, drastic decrease in File Size thanks to OpenOffice.
• HTML version is not supported anymore, as it is better for our servers (and also for the users) to build up a community based on ebooks, instead of online – thus unstable – resources.

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